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Wednesday, March 27, 2013
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Research provides clues to alcohol addiction vulnerability
Mar. 25, 2013 ? A Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center team studying alcohol addiction has new research that might shed light on why some drinkers are more susceptible to addiction than others.
Jeff Weiner, Ph.D., professor of physiology and pharmacology at Wake Forest Baptist, and colleagues used an animal model to look at the early stages of the addiction process and focused on how individual animals responded to alcohol. Their findings may lead not only to a better understanding of addiction, but to the development of better drugs to treat the disease as well, Weiner said.
"We know that some people are much more vulnerable to alcoholism than others, just like some people have a vulnerability to cancer or heart disease," Weiner said. "We don't have a good understanding of what causes this vulnerability, and that's a big question. But if we can figure it out, we may be able to better identify people at risk, as well as gain important clues to help develop better drugs to treat the disease."
The findings are published in the March 13 issue of the Journal of Neuroscience. Weiner, who directs the Translational Studies on Early-Life Stress and Vulnerability to Alcohol Addiction project at Wake Forest Baptist, said the study protocol was developed by the first author of the paper, Karina Abrahao, a graduate student visiting from the collaborative lab of Sougza-Formigoni, Ph.D, of the Department of Psychobiology at the Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Weiner said the study model focused on how individual animals responded to alcohol. Typically, when a drug like alcohol is given to a mouse every day, the way the animals respond increases -- they become more stimulated and run around more. "In high doses, alcohol is a depressant, but in low doses, it can have a mellowing effect that results in greater activity," he said. "Those low dose effects tend to increase over time and this increase in activity in response to repeated alcohol exposure is called locomotor sensitization."
Prior studies with other drugs, such as cocaine and amphetamine, have suggested that animals that show the greatest increases in locomotor sensitization are also the animals most likely to seek out or consume these drugs. However, the relationship between locomotor sensitization and vulnerability to high levels of alcohol drinking is not as well established, Weiner said.
Usually when researchers are studying a drug, they give it to one test group while the other group gets a control solution, and then they look for behavioral differences between the two, Weiner said. But in this study, the researchers focused on individual differences in how each animal responded to the alcohol. A control group received a saline injection while another was injected with the same amount of alcohol every day for three weeks. Weiner said they used mice bred to be genetically variable like humans to make the research more relevant.
"We found large variations in the development of locomotor sensitization to alcohol in these mice, with some showing robust sensitization and others showing no more of a change in locomotor activity than control mice given daily saline injections," Weiner said. "Surprisingly, when all of the alcohol-exposed mice were given an opportunity to voluntarily drink alcohol, those that had developed sensitization drank more than those that did not. In fact, the alcohol-treated mice that failed to develop sensitization drank no more alcohol than the saline-treated control group."
The authors also conducted a series of neurobiological studies and discovered that mice that showed robust locomotor sensitization had deficits in a form of brain neuroplasticity -- how experiences reorganize neural pathways in the brain -- that has been linked with cocaine addiction in other animal models.
"We found that this loss of the ability of brain cells to change the way that they communicate with each other only occurred in the animals that showed the behavioral response to alcohol," he said. "What this suggests for the first time in the alcohol addiction field is that this particular deficit may represent an important brain correlate of vulnerability to alcoholism. It's a testable hypothesis. That's why I think it's an important finding."
Funding support for the research came from the National Institutes of Health (AA 21099, AA 17531, AA 10422 and AA 14445), Coordenadoria de Aperfeic?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES; Grant 0321-10-9), Fundac?a?o de Amparo a` Pesquisa do Estado de Sa?o Paulo (FAPESP; Grant 2008/01819-5), and Associac?a?o Fundo de Incentivo a`Pesquisa (AFIP).
The Translational Studies on Early-Life Stress and Vulnerability to Alcohol Addiction project is an NIH-funded collaborative grant which supports rodent, non-human primate and human studies investigating neurobiological mechanisms associated with vulnerability and resilience to alcohol addiction.
Co-authors include: Olusegun Ariwodola, Tracy Butler, Andrew Rau, Mary Jane Skelly, Eugenia Carter, Nancy Alexander and Brian McCool, all of Wake Forest Baptist, and Maria Lucia Formigoni of the Universidade de Sao Paulo.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
- K. P. Abrahao, O. J. Ariwodola, T. R. Butler, A. R. Rau, M. J. Skelly, E. Carter, N. P. Alexander, B. A. McCool, M. L. O. Souza-Formigoni, J. L. Weiner. Locomotor Sensitization to Ethanol Impairs NMDA Receptor-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in the Nucleus Accumbens and Increases Ethanol Self-Administration. Journal of Neuroscience, 2013; 33 (11): 4834 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5839-11.2013
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/_N2uCTtYlAI/130325183810.htm
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Cody Simpson On His New Book, Justin Bieber And Taking A Fan To Prom (VIDEO)
When Cody Simpson stopped by HuffPost Live on Monday, he had a surprising and awesome announcement: He is going to auction himself off as a date to prom for a lucky fan (!). More details will be released soon -- and that wasn't the only exciting news he shared with us in the interview.
It seems our favorite Aussie singer is going to release a biography, Welcome to Paradise, in October. The book will give a behind-the-scenes look into his rise to fame, from releasing two EPs to getting his first record deal to going on tour with major pop stars like Big Time Rush.
"I could not have, in a million years, guessed that I'd be here right now three years ago," Cody said. "I didn?t expect the outcome, it was all a bit of fun. I never had a singing lesson or anything, and then I signed my deal... it?s such a dream come true."
Watch the full HuffPost Live interview in the videos above and below.
Since September 29, Cody has also been on the "Believe" tour with Justin Bieber. When asked about the negative media attention JB has received recently, Cody defended his real-life friend.
"We?re teenagers, sometimes we make mistakes," Cody said. "It's important to always be sensible and responsible, but at the end of the day we?re teenagers. We mess up sometimes, but we do the best we can to be the best role models we can be."
Simpsonators: Would you take Cody to prom? What do you think of his response to the Bieber drama? Sound off in the comments below or tweet @huffpostteen!
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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/26/cody-simpson-talks-rise-t_n_2956579.html
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Court might sidestep major ruling on gay marriage
This artist rendering shows attorney Charles J. Cooper, right, addressing the Supreme Court in Washington, Tuesday, March 26, 2013, as the court heard arguments on California's ban on same-sex marriage. Justices, from left are, Sonia Sotomayor, Stephen Breyer, Clarence Thomas, Antonin Scalia, Chief Justice John Roberts, and Justices Anthony Kennedy, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Samuel Alito and Elena Kagan. (AP Photo/Dana Verkouteren)
This artist rendering shows attorney Charles J. Cooper, right, addressing the Supreme Court in Washington, Tuesday, March 26, 2013, as the court heard arguments on California's ban on same-sex marriage. Justices, from left are, Sonia Sotomayor, Stephen Breyer, Clarence Thomas, Antonin Scalia, Chief Justice John Roberts, and Justices Anthony Kennedy, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Samuel Alito and Elena Kagan. (AP Photo/Dana Verkouteren)
Plaintiffs Kris Perry, left, and her partner Sandy Stier, right, both from Berkeley, Cailf., meet with the media outside the Supreme Court in Washington, Tuesday, March 26, 2013, after the court heard arguments on California's voter approved ban on same-sex marriage, Proposition 8. (AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)
Demonstrators chant outside the Supreme Court in Washington, Tuesday, March 26, 2013, as the court heard arguments on California's voter approved ban on same-sex marriage, Proposition 8. (AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)
Marcus, left, and Daniel German-Dominguez stand outside the Supreme Court in Washington, Tuesday, March 26, 2013, before the court's hearing on California?s voter approved ban on same-sex marriage. (AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)
From left, plaintiffs Sandy Stier, with her partner Kris Perry, and their twin sons Spencer Perry and Elliott Perry, all from Berkeley, Calif., meet with reporters outside the Supreme Court in Washington, Tuesday, March 26, 2013, after the court heard arguments on California's voter approved ban on same-sex marriage, Proposition 8. (AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)
WASHINGTON (AP) ? The Supreme Court dove into a historic debate on gay rights Tuesday that could soon lead to resumption of same-sex marriage in California, but the justices signaled they may not be ready for a major national ruling on whether America's gays and lesbians have a right to marry.
The court's first major examination of gay rights in 10 years continues Wednesday, when the justices will consider the federal law that prevents legally married gay couples from receiving a range of benefits afforded straight married people.
The issue before the court on Tuesday was more fundamental: Does the Constitution require that people be allowed to marry whom they choose, regardless of either partner's gender? The fact that the question was in front of the Supreme Court at all was startling, given that no state recognized same-sex unions before 2003 and 40 states still don't allow them.
There is no questioning the emotions the issue stirs. Demonstrators on both sides crowded the grounds outside the court, waving signs, sometimes chanting their feelings.
Inside, a skeptical Justice Samuel Alito cautioned against a broad ruling in favor of gay marriage precisely because the issue is so new.
"You want us to step in and render a decision based on an assessment of the effects of this institution which is newer than cellphones or the Internet? I mean, we do not have the ability to see the future," Alito said.
Indeed, it was clear from the start of the 80-minute argument in a packed courtroom, that the justices, including some liberals who seemed open to gay marriage, had doubts about whether they should even be hearing the challenge to California's Proposition 8, the state's voter-approved gay marriage ban.
Justice Anthony Kennedy, the potentially decisive vote on a closely divided court, suggested the justices could dismiss the case with no ruling at all.
Such an outcome would almost certainly allow gay marriages to resume in California but would have no impact elsewhere.
There was no majority apparent for any particular outcome, and many doubts were expressed by justices about the arguments advanced by lawyers for the opponents of gay marriage in California, by the supporters and by the Obama administration, which is in favor of same-sex marriage rights. The administration's entry into the case followed President Barack Obama's declaration of support for gay marriage.
On the one hand, Kennedy acknowledged the recentness of same-sex unions, a point stressed repeatedly by Charles Cooper, the lawyer for the defenders of Proposition 8. Cooper said the court should uphold the ban as a valid expression of the people's will and let the vigorous political debate over gay marriage continue.
But Kennedy pressed him also to address the interests of the estimated 40,000 children in California who have same-sex parents.
"They want their parents to have full recognition and full status. The voice of those children is important in this case, don't you think?" Kennedy said.
Yet when Theodore Olson, the lawyer for two same-sex couples, urged the court to support such marriage rights everywhere, Kennedy feared such a ruling would push the court into "uncharted waters." Olson said that the court similarly ventured into the unknown in 1967 when it struck down bans on interracial marriage in 16 states.
Kennedy challenged the accuracy of that comment, noting that other countries had had interracial marriages for hundreds of years.
The justice, whose vote usually decides the closest cases, also made clear he did not like the rationale of the federal appeals court that struck down Proposition 8, even though it cited earlier opinions in favor of gay rights that Kennedy had written.
That appeals court ruling applied only to California, where same-sex couples briefly had the right to marry before the state's voters in November 2008 adopted Proposition 8, a constitutional amendment that defined marriage as the union of a man and a woman.
Several members of the court also were troubled by the Obama administration's main contention that when states offer same-sex couples civil union rights of marriage, as California and eight other states do, they also must allow marriage. The other states are: Colorado, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Nevada, New Jersey, Oregon and Rhode Island.
"So a state that has made considerable progress has to go all the way, but at least the government's position is, if the state has done absolutely nothing at all, then it can do as it will," Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg said.
Chief Justice John Roberts questioned whether gay marriage proponents were arguing over a mere label. "Same-sex couples have every other right. It's just about the label," Roberts said.
In the California case, if the court wants to find an exit without making a decision about gay marriage, it has two basic options.
It could rule that the opponents have no right, or legal standing, to defend Proposition 8 in court. Such an outcome also would leave in place the trial court decision in favor of the two same-sex couples who sued for the right to marry. On a practical level, California officials probably would order county clerks across the state to begin issuing marriage licenses to gay and lesbian couples, although some more conservative counties might object.
Alternatively, the justices could determine that they should not have agreed to hear the case in the first place, as happens a couple of times a term on average. In that situation, the court issues a one-sentence order dismissing the case "as improvidently granted." The effect of that would be to leave in place the appeals court ruling, which in the case of Proposition 8, applies only to California. The appeals court also voted to strike down the ban, but on somewhat different grounds than the trial court.
Reflecting the high interest in this week's cases, the court released an audio recording of Tuesday's argument shortly after it concluded and plans to the do same Wednesday. Tuesday's audio can be found at: http://tinyurl.com/dxefy2a. The last time the court provided same-day audio recordings was during its consideration of Obama's health care law.
Both sides of marriage question were well represented outside the courthouse. Supporters of gay marriage came with homemade signs including ones that read "a more perfect union" and "love is love."
Among the opponents was retired metal worker Mike Krzywonos, 57, of Pawtucket, R.I. He wore a button that read "marriage 1 man + 1 woman" and said his group represents the "silent majority."
Same-sex marriage is legal in nine states and the District of Columbia. The states are Connecticut, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Vermont and Washington.
Thirty states ban same-sex marriage in their constitutions, while ten states bar them under state laws. New Mexico law is silent on the issue.
Polls have shown increasing support in the country for gay marriage. According to a Pew Research Center poll conducted in mid-March, 49 percent of Americans now favor allowing gays and lesbians to marry legally, with 44 percent opposed.
A good part of the give-and-take Tuesday concerned Cooper's argument that the state has a legitimate interest in limiting marriage to heterosexuals since they have the unique ability to have children.
He and Justice Elena Kagan engaged in a lengthy, sometimes humorous, exchange on the topic.
If a state can use the ability to have children as a reason to prohibit same-sex marriage, what about couples over the age of 55? Kagan asked.
"Your Honor, even with respect to couples over the age of 55, it is very rare that both parties to the couple are infertile," Cooper said.
Kagan cut in: "I can just assure you, if both the woman and the man are over the age of 55, there are not a lot of children coming out of that marriage."
At another point, Justice Antonin Scalia, who has dissented in the court's previous gay rights cases, invoked the well-being of children to bolster Cooper's case.
"If you redefine marriage to include same-sex couples, you must permit adoption by same-sex couples, and there's considerable disagreement among sociologists as to what the consequences of raising a child in a single-sex family, whether that is harmful to the child or not," Scalia said.
The California case was argued 10 years to the day after the court took up a challenge to Texas' anti-sodomy statute. That case ended with a forceful ruling prohibiting states from criminalizing sexual relations between consenting adults.
Kennedy was the author of the decision in Lawrence v. Texas in 2003, and he is being closely watched for how he might vote on the California ban. He cautioned in the Lawrence case that it had nothing to do with gay marriage, but dissenting Justice Scalia predicted the decision would lead to the invalidation of state laws against same-sex marriage.
Kennedy's decision is widely cited in the briefs in support of same-sex unions.
The California couples, Kris Perry and Sandy Stier of Berkeley and Paul Katami and Jeff Zarrillo of Burbank, filed their federal lawsuit in May 2009 to overturn the same-sex marriage ban that voters approved the previous November. The ballot measure halted same-sex unions in California, which began in June 2008 after a ruling from the California Supreme Court.
Roughly 18,000 couples were wed in the nearly five months that same-sex marriage was legal and those marriages remain valid in California.
The case is Hollingsworth v. Perry, 12-144.
___
Associated Press writer Jessica Gresko contributed to this report.
___
Follow Mark Sherman on Twitter at: www.twitter.com/shermancourt
Follow Jessica Gresko on Twitter at: www.twitter.com/jessicagresko
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Kordell Stewart, Porsha Williams Divorce Announced
Wow. The new star of the Real Housewives of Atlanta might be single and ready to mingle after this one! According to multiple outlets, NFL star Kordell Stewart and wifey Porsha Williams are no longer an item. Divorce docs were reportedly filed to end the marriage, which was seen in episodes of this season the reality show. The couple were newcomers on a show that featured the wild antics of NeNe Leakes. According to Stewart, their relationship was “irretrievably broken” and that they were already living separately. Obviously this has happened while they were in the middle of this season of the show, and it’s hard to tell whether or not any of that drama will be part of the upcoming season. Not to sound cold, but we hope it is! Anyway, as for the money issue, we’re learning that they may have signed a prenup, because according to Kordell there are no assets to divide. He added: “[She's] an able-bodied person, earning income and is capable of supporting herself.” I’m not really that shocked. It seemed like they were getting a little fame hungry. Sure, he is a pro football player, and I guess she is some kind of [...]
Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/RightCelebrity/~3/tBHBhbqjEBc/
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You reap what you sow... in life, and in the family - Christian Home ...
In modern language we?d say, ?You harvest what you plant.?
If you plant corn, you will harvest corn. If you plant onions, you will harvest onions.
It?s a law of nature? and like many ?laws,? God has made this one to apply in other realms as well.
The phrase was first spoken by the Apostle Paul? he wrote it in his letter to the Galatians, chapter 6, verse 7?
Do not be deceived: God is not mocked, for whatever one sows, that will he also reap.
As I grew up, it was used as a cattle prod, to keep us rowdy young children?s churchsters in line.
My young ears heard, ?If you do bad stuff, bad stuff will happen to you.?
Well, isn?t it true?
As far as I can tell, it IS true? but it?s only HALF the point Paul was trying to make.
Read the next few verses?
For the one who sows to his own flesh will from the flesh reap corruption, but the one who sows to the Spirit will from the Spirit reap eternal life. And let us not grow weary of doing good, for in due season we will reap, if we do not give up
You reap what you sow? in both directions?
So it is true that bad actions lead to bad results, but Paul is also seeking to motivate right action? He calls it sowing ?to the Spirit.?
That means that good actions, done in the will and power of the Holy Spirit, produce good results?
That goes for life in general ? areas like your work, your recreation, your friendship, and your family.
All of those and a hundred others are contexts where you will reap what you sow.
Consider the ?positive? side of what Paul is saying?
- If you plant diligence, you will reap fruit that corresponds to that hard work.
- If you plant seeds of encouragement, your harvest will be of a similar nature.
- If you plant faithfulness, joy, hope, and love? the outcome could be beyond what you can imagine.
How does the principle of sowing and reaping apply to?
Your marriage?
- Are you investing quality time in your relationship with your spouse? If not, what do you suppose you?re going to reap?
- Do you have and express a faithful commitment to your partner? If not, what kind of harvest is going to come of it?
- Can you think of healthy, positive, godly things you can begin planting into your relationship? What sort of harvest has God promised will come of it if you do?
Your parenting?
- What kind of words are you planting in the lives of your children? Encouragement? Pessimism? Hopefulness? Criticism? What are the harvests that correspond to what you?re planting?
- How are you equipping your children to live in the world? What kind of example are you setting? Those are ways that you are planting ?seeds? in their lives. What type of harvest will come of it?
- Are you carrying out the command of Deuteronomy 6: 4-5 in the lives of your children? What are the outcomes you should expect as a result?
The atmosphere of your home?
- Is your home a place of peace or a place of strife? Both are sowing seeds in your household. Take time to consider what?s going to come of each.
- Is your home characterized by faith in God or worry about circumstances? What sort of harvest is reaped from each?
Do you see how important this principle of sowing and reaping can be?
What are you going to DO, in the power of the Spirit, to make a change?
Notice that I asked what you?re going to do ?in the power of the Spirit.?
You can?t do this on your own.
God doesn?t want you to reform yourself. He wants to transform you through His Spirit.
CALL TO ACTION:
- Identify areas where you need to begin planting seeds (encouragement, faith, godly conversation, etc.)
- Prayerfully seek God?s help in planning a way to begin planting.
- Step out in faith (believing that God will empower you), and start planting.
You?ll be amazed what obedient actions, accompanied by faith can do.
Leave a testimony of what God has done through you as you?ve stepped out in faith to plant positive seeds in your home!
About Carey Green
radical follower of Christ, husband, dad, writer, blogger, podcaster, marriage & family coach, counselor, speaker, retiring Pastor, and all around good guy (because of Christ). Connect with Carey on Google+
Source: http://www.christianhomeandfamily.com/you-reap-what-you-sow-in-life-and-in-the-family/
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Tuesday, March 26, 2013
MTV's VMAs taking a road trip to Brooklyn in 2013
NEW YORK (AP) ? The Video Music Awards are taking a road trip to Brooklyn.
MTV's showcase awards show is traditionally held in Los Angeles or Manhattan.
This year the show will be held Aug. 25 at the new Barclays Center, home of the Brooklyn Nets and the site of recent Rolling Stones and Jay-Z multi-night concerts.
MTV will celebrate 30 years of the VMAs this year. From Kanye West and Taylor Swift to the Madonna-Britney Spears-Christina Aguilera kiss, the show has become known more for its pop culture moments than the winners of its signature Moonman trophies.
The VMAs were last held in New York in 2009 and have been in Los Angeles since.
___
Online:
http://mtv.com
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/mtvs-vmas-taking-road-trip-brooklyn-2013-173102630.html
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